Ruby on Rails備忘記

Ruby on Rails 為開源Web框架,
其主要目的是使開發過程更優美簡單, 更具效率,
開發員能使用個人喜好的配置習慣, 使開發變得更漂亮簡單.

Instant Rails 為一站式安裝 Rails 運行的解決方案, 包含 Ruby, Rails, Apache 及 MySQL,
其預配置一切就緒, 不需要安裝, 只要簡單地解壓到目錄裡就能運行.

開始備忘記：
進入網站 http://instantrails.rubyforge.org/wiki/wiki.pl?Instant_Rails
選擇[Download] 下載 Instant Rails 1.3
http://instantrails.rubyforge.org/wiki/wiki.pl?Getting_Started 裡有安裝的詳細內容
解壓至C:\InstantRails , 點選InstantRails.exe
會自動檢查 apache, mysql, phpmyadmin (Rails裡亦包含這些)

http://localhost/ 進入網站
http://localhost/mysql/ 進入phpmyadmin管理mysql server
(mysql default user為root, 沒有password)

點選 Configure > Windows Hosts file
加入
127.0.0.1 www.mycookbook.com
127.0.0.1 typo

點選 Rails Applications > Manage Rails Applications...
然後選擇 cookbookc 並按下 "Start SCGI" button.
輸入 http:\\www.mycookbook.com\ 進入網站

在玩Rails前,先來認識一下Ruby:
在windows os下, 進入 cd\InstantRails\ruby\bin
執行:ruby -v
查看ruby版本
執行:irb
進入Ruby shell可進行邏輯運算
執行:irb --simple-prompt
然後輸入 print('Joeyta') 就可看到輸出

建主c:\joeyta.rb, 內容為:
print ("My name is:") # 括孤可有可無
puts "Joeyta" # puts的輸出自動輸行
print "What is your name?\n" # double quote可解釋escape字元
puts 'Peter Chan\n' # single quote直接輸出所有字元
print '1+1 ='; puts 1+1 # 傳回 1+1=2
puts "abc"=="abc" # 傳回true
a = "ab"; b = "ab"
puts "ab".eql?"ab" # 傳回true,判斷實際值
puts "ab".equal?"ab" # 傳回false,判斷參考位置
puts 10 > 50 # 傳回false
puts "abcd".index('c') # 傳回2

name = "joeyta";
printf("名: %s\n", name) # printf可作格式化
printf("是否joeyta? %s\n", (name == 'joeyta' ? '是' : '否'))

number=gets.to_i # gets取後輸入,to_i轉成數字,給變數number
puts number

if number == 1 # if表達式
puts '輸入為1'
elsif number == 2
puts '輸入為2'
else
puts '輸入不為1,2'
end

unless number == 1 # number不為1時為true
puts '輸出不為1'
else
puts '輸出為1'
end

case number # case 表達式
when 1
puts 'case 1'
when 2
puts 'case 2'
else
puts 'case 1,2'
end

for i in 0..2
print i,"\n"
end

for element in [0.2, 4, 'joeyta']
print "#{element}\t(#{element.class})\n"
end

(0..2).each {i puts i}
(9..12).each do i puts i end
2.times {puts "joeyta"}
3.times do i puts "peter" end

j = 1000
begin
j -= 1
puts j
if j==997
break
end
end while j>=995 # 亦可使用until

(1..5).each do num
print num
if num == 4
break # 亦可使用redo繼續, next下一個, retry重試迴路
end
end

values = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
values.length.times do index
print values[index], " "
end

ary = Array.new(3).fill { "foo" }
ary[0].replace "bar"
p ary

執行
c:\InstantRails\ruby\bin>ruby c:\joeyta.rb

玩完Ruby後,現在來玩一下Rails:
c:\InstantRails\ruby\bin>rails C:\InstantRails\rails_apps\mybook
就會在C:\InstantRails\rails_apps\ 目,建主mybook的application及相關的檔案

執行
ruby C:\InstantRails\rails_apps\mybook\script\server
或到Instant Rails > I > Rails Application > Manage Rails Applications
點選mybook 及 按 "Start with WEBrick"
就會啟動網站
輸入http://127.0.0.1:3000/ 進入網站

執行ruby C:\InstantRails\rails_apps\mybook\script\generate controller MyTest
編輯C:\InstantRails\rails_apps\mybook\app\controllers\my_test_controller.rb 為
class MyTestController < ApplicationController
def index
render_text "Hello World"
end
end

輸入 http://127.0.0.1:3000/My_Test/ 就能看到 Hello World

繼續編輯 C:\InstantRails\rails_apps\mybook\app\controllers\my_test_controller.rb
class MyTestController < ApplicationController
def index
render_text "Hello World"
end
def hello
render_text "Hello Rails"
end
end

輸入 http://127.0.0.1:3000/My_Test/hello 就看到 Hello Rails

建立資料庫:
進入 http://localhost/mysql/

執行:
create database mybook;
create table books(
id int(11) auto_increment primary key,
title varchar(100),
description text,
buydate date)

修改 C:\InstantRails\rails_apps\mybook\config\database.yml
(YAML配置檔,詳情可參考 http://www.yaml.org/ 及 http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/classes/YAML.html)
development:
adapter: mysql
database: mybook
username: root
password:
host: localhost
test:
adapter: mysql
database: mybook
username: root
password:
host: localhost
production:
adapter: mysql
database: mybook
username: root
password:
host: localhost

執行
ruby C:\InstantRails\rails_apps\mybook\script\generate model book
就會在C:\InstantRails\rails_apps\mybook\app\models 下產生 book.rb
Rails智能地把Book mapping 至 mysql 的books table.
(創建model book就會將Book映射至英文眾數的book talbe,即books table)

執行
ruby C:\InstantRails\rails_apps\mybook\script\generate controller book
編輯 C:\InstantRails\rails_apps\mybook\app\controllers\book_controller.rb
class BookController < ApplicationController
scaffold:book # scaffold:book 生成CRUD代碼
end

輸入 http://127.0.0.1:3000/book/new
不可思意地竟然產生了UI 讓用戶新增 修改 刪除 數據到mysql books table.

編輯 C:\InstantRails\rails_apps\mybook\app\controllers\book_controller.rb
class BookController < ApplicationController
scaffold:book
def list
end
當輸入 http://127.0.0.1:3000/book/new 會出現缺少template的錯誤頁面

新增
C:\InstantRails\rails_apps\mybook\app\views\book\list.rhtml 內容為
<html>
<head>
<title>All books</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Online Mybook - All books</h1>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td width="80%"><p align="center"><i><b>book</b></i></td>
<td width="20%"><p align="center"><i><b>Date</b></i></td>
</tr>
<% @books.each do book %>
<tr>
<td><%= link_to book.title, :action => "show", :id => book.id %></td>
<td><%= book.buydate %></td>
</tr>
<% end %>
</table>
<p><%= link_to "Create new book", :action => "new" %></p>
</body>
</html>

修改 C:\InstantRails\rails_apps\mybook\app\controllers\book_controller.rb
class BookController < ApplicationController
scaffold:book
def list
@books = Book.find_all
end
end

輸入 http://127.0.0.1:3000/book/list 就會出現自定的list template

進入 http://localhost/mysql/
use mybook;
create table categories(
id int(11) auto_increment primary key,
name varchar(50)
);
alter table books add category_id int(11) not null after description;
INSERT INTO `categories` VALUES (1, '小說');
INSERT INTO `categories` VALUES (2, '科幻');
INSERT INTO `categories` VALUES (3, '漫畫');
INSERT INTO `books` VALUES (1, '天海', '天海一閣', 1, '2006-04-28');
INSERT INTO `books` VALUES (2, '好書', '好書一本', 2, '2006-04-29');

執行
ruby C:\InstantRails\rails_apps\mybook\script\generate model category
ruby C:\InstantRails\rails_apps\mybook\script\generate controller category

修改 C:\InstantRails\rails_apps\mybook\app\model\book.rb
class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :category
end

修改 C:\InstantRails\rails_apps\mybook\app\model\category.rb
class Category < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :books
end

修改 C:\InstantRails\rails_apps\mybook\app\controllers\book_controller.rb
class BookController < ApplicationController
scaffold:book
def list
@books = Book.find_all
end
def edit
@book = Book.find(@params["id"])
@categories = Category.find_all
end
end

新增C:\InstantRails\rails_apps\mybook\app\views\book\list.rhtml 內容為
<html>
<head>
<title>Edit book</title></head>
<body>
<h1>Edit book</h1>
<form action="../update" method="POST">
<input id="book_id" name="book[id]" size="30" type="hidden" value="<%= @book.id %>" />
<p><b>Title</b><br>
<input id="book_title" name="book[title]" size="30" type="text" value="<%= @book.title %>" /> </p>
<p><b>Description</b><br>
<input id="book_description" name="book[description]" size="30" type="text" value="<%= @book.description %>" /> </p>
<p><b>Category:</b><br>
<select name="book[category_id]">
<% @categories.each do category %>
<option value="<%= category.id %>" <%= ' selected' if category.id == @book.category.id %>> <%= category.name %>
</option>
<% end %>
</select></p>
<input type="submit" value="Update" />
</form>
<a href="/book/show/<%= @book.id %>"> Show </a> <a href="/book/list"> Back </a>
</body>
</html>